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Juris Doctor, (J.D.) New England School of Law, Boston, MA, 1985.

Bachelor of Science (B.S.) Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 1981.

• U.S. Army – Completed numerous legal and special operations military training courses.
• FBI Academy – Completed extensive training in SWAT, Defensive Tactics, legal, training, national security and criminal investigative matters.
• Active Member of the Massachusetts Bar Association.
• Leading Professional in Ethics & Compliance (LPEC) certification by the Ethics and Compliance Initiative.
• American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS International) Certification as a Certified Protection Professional (CPP).
• Life Member – Special Forces Association.
• Member – Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI.

Published five articles in the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin:

• “Case Study – The Hosam Smadi Case, An Example of Success,” September 2011;
• “When Is Force Excessive? Insightful Guidance from the U.S. Supreme Court,” September
  2005;
• “Use-of-Force Policies and Training: A Reasoned Approach (Parts One and Two), ”October and
  November 2002;
• “Miranda Revisited – Dickerson v. United States,” August 2001.